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A taxa de desocupação subiu em todas as grandes regiões do país, fechando o segundo trimestre do ano em 11,3% comparativamente ao mesmo período de 2015. Os dados foram divulgados hoje (17) pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e indicam que as taxas são as mais altas já registradas para cada uma das regiões do país, desde o início da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio Contínua (Pnad Contínua), em janeiro de 2012.
Na região Norte, a taxa de desocupação foi de 8,5% para 11,2%; no Nordeste, de 10,3% para 13,2%; no Sudeste, de 8,3% para 11,7%; no Sul, de 5,5% para 8,0%; e no Centro-Oeste, de 7,4% para 9,7%. No primeiro trimestre de 2016, as taxas haviam sido de 12,8% no Nordeste, 11,4% no Sudeste, 10,5% no Norte, 9,7% no Centro-Oeste e 7,3% no Sul.
Entre as unidades da federação, as maiores taxas de desemprego no segundo trimestre de 2016 foram observadas no Amapá (15,8%); Bahia (15,4%) e Pernambuco (14%), enquanto as menores taxas estavam em Santa Catarina (6,7%), Mato Grosso do Sul (7%) e Rondônia (7,8%).
Dados divulgados anteriormente pelo IBGE indicam que a taxa geral de desemprego, de 11,3% no trimestre encerrado em junho, é também a maior da série histórica e indicava uma população desocupada de 11,6 milhões de pessoas, um crescimento de 4,5% em relação aos primeiros três meses do ano. Quando a comparação se dá com o segundo trimestre do ano passado, no entanto, o aumento da população desocupada chegou a 38,7%.
A pesquisa indica, ainda, que o nível de ocupação (indicador que mede a parcela da população ocupada em relação à população em idade de trabalhar) ficou em 54,6% para a totalidade do Brasil no segundo trimestre deste ano.
As regiões Nordeste (48,6%) e Norte (54,4%) ficaram abaixo da média do país. Já nas demais regiões, o nível de ocupação variou dos 59,1% verificados na região Sul, passando pelos 59,2% do Centro-Oeste e até os 56,1% do Sudeste.
Por estado, Mato Grosso do Sul (61,1%), Santa Catarina (59,4%), Paraná (59,2%) e Goiás (59,2%) apresentaram os maiores percentuais, enquanto Alagoas (42,9%), Pernambuco (46,6%) e Rio Grande do Norte (47,2%) apresentaram os níveis de ocupação mais baixos.
Carteira de trabalho assinada
Os dados divulgados hoje pelo IBGE, relativos à Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio Contínua, referentes ao segundo trimestre do ano, apontam a região Sul do país como a que registra o maior percentual de empregados com carteira de trabalho assinada (85,4%), seguida do Sudeste (82,7%) e Centro-Oeste (com 77,5%), todos com percentual de trabalhadores formais superiores à média nacional do país, que fechou o segundo trimestre em 77,3%.
No Nordeste, este percentual de trabalhadores com carteira assinada encerrou o segundo trimestre do ano em 62,25%, enquanto no Norte o índice estava em 61,5%, todos abaixo da média nacional.
Por estado, Santa Catarina (89,7%), Distrito Federal (86,2%) e Rio de Janeiro (85,7%) apresentaram os maiores percentuais de empregados no setor privado com carteira de trabalho, enquanto Maranhão (51,8%), Piauí (52,3%) e Pará (57,4%) exibiram os menores.
Rendimento médio
Os dados da pesquisa indicam que três das principais regiões metropolitanas do país apresentavam um rendimento médio real habitual dos trabalhadores brasileiros acima da média nacional, de R$1.972. Na região Sudeste, o rendimento médio real era no fechamento do segundo trimestre de R$ 2.279, no Centro-Oeste (R$ 2.230) e no Sul (R$ 2.133). Já na região Norte, ele ficou em R$ 1.538 e Nordeste (R$ 1.334), em ambos os casos abaixo da média nacional.
Por estado, o Distrito Federal apresentou o maior rendimento (R$ 3.679), seguido por São Paulo (R$ 2.538) e Rio de Janeiro (R$ 2.287). Os menores valores foram anotados no Maranhão (R$ 1.072), Bahia (R$ 1.285) e Ceará (R$ 1.296).
No Sudeste, 61,4% dos ocupados têm pelo menos o ensino médio completo
Entre a população ocupada, verificou-se a predominância de homens no Brasil (57,2%) e em todas as regiões, sobretudo na Norte, onde os homens representavam 61,0% dos trabalhadores no 2º trimestre de 2016. O Sudeste é a região com maior participação feminina (44,0%).
A análise por grupos de idade mostrou que 12,8% dos ocupados eram jovens de 18 a 24 anos. Os adultos de 25 a 39 anos e 40 a 59 anos de idade representavam 78,1% e os idosos somavam 7,1% dos ocupados. A região com maior proporção de jovens ocupados é a Norte, onde a população de 18 a 24 anos representava 14,4% dos ocupados. Por outro lado, a região Sudeste (12,1%) registrou o menor percentual de ocupados para essa faixa etária.
Por nível de instrução, a pesquisa mostrou no 2º trimestre de 2016 que mais da metade dos ocupados no Brasil tinha concluído pelo menos o ensino médio (55,1%), 29,3% não tinham concluído o ensino fundamental e 17,8% tinham concluído o nível superior.
Mulheres representam 65,9% da população fora da força
No Brasil, no 2º trimestre de 2016, 38,4% das pessoas em idade de trabalhar estavam fora da força de trabalho (não trabalhavam nem procuravam trabalho). A região Nordeste foi a que apresentou a maior parcela de pessoas fora da força de trabalho, 44,0%. As regiões Sul (35,7%) e Centro-Oeste (34,5%) tiveram os menores percentuais.
A população fora da força de trabalho era composta em sua maioria por mulheres, que, no 2º trimestre de 2016, representavam 65,9% desse contingente. Todas as regiões apresentaram comportamento similar.
Cerca de 36,0% da população fora da força de trabalho era composta por idosos (pessoas com 60 anos ou mais de idade). Jovens com menos de 25 anos de idade somavam 28,2% e os adultos, com idade de 25 a 59 anos, representavam 35,8%.
Em relação ao nível de instrução, mais da metade da população fora da força não tinha concluído o ensino fundamental (53,6%) e pouco mais de um quarto tinha concluído pelo menos o ensino médio (26,0%).
Fonte: Agência Brasil
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