A Câmara dos Deputados aprovou em plenário, na madrugada de hoje (30), o Projeto de Lei 4850/16, que prevê um pacote de medidas contra a corrupção, entre elas a tipificação do caixa dois como crime eleitoral, a criminalização do eleitor pela venda do voto e a transformação em crime hediondo do ato de corrupção que envolva valores superiores a 10 mil salários mínimos.
A proposta surgiu a partir de uma campanha feita pelo Ministério Público Federal intitulada Dez Medidas Contra a Corrupção. Na votação, no entanto, foram retiradas seis das dez medidas sugeridas pelo MPF. Com as alterações, a ideia original do texto foi totalmente danificada, na avaliação do procurador-geral da República, Rodrigo Janot. “As 10 Medidas contra a corrupção não existem mais. O Ministério Público brasileiro não apoia o texto que restou, uma pálida sombra das propostas que nos aproximariam de boas práticas mundiais”, criticou. Membros e órgãos do Judiciário também manifestaram-se contra o texto aprovado na Câmara. A matéria foi aprovada por 450 votos a 1 e será enviada ao Senado.
Medidas suprimidas
Os deputados rejeitaram o ponto que tornava crime o enriquecimento ilícito de funcionários públicos, a proposta que previa acordos de leniência entre empresas envolvidas em crimes, as mudanças em relação ao tempo de prescrição de penas e a criação do confisco alargado, que permitiria o recolhimento de patrimônio da pessoa condenada pela prática de crimes graves. Também foram suprimidas as medidas que previam estímulo à denúncia de crimes de corrupção, além da proposta de acordos entre defesa e acusação para simplificar processos e o ponto que previa a responsabilização dos partidos e a suspensão do registro da legenda em caso de crimes graves.
Entenda quais são as medidas que constam no texto final
Juízes e promotores
A principal mudança feita pelos deputados ocorreu por meio de emenda do deputado Weverton Rocha (PDT-MA), aprovada por 313 votos a 132 e 5 abstenções. Ela prevê casos de responsabilização de juízes e de membros do Ministério Público por crimes de abuso de autoridade. Entre os motivos listados está a atuação com motivação político-partidária.
Divulgação de opinião
No caso dos magistrados, também constituirão crimes de responsabilidade proferir julgamento quando, por lei, deva se considerar impedido; e expressar por meios de comunicação opinião sobre processo em julgamento. A pena será de reclusão de seis meses a dois anos e multa.
Qualquer cidadão poderá representar contra magistrado perante o tribunal ao qual está subordinado. Se o Ministério Público não apresentar a ação pública no prazo legal, o lesado pelo ato poderá oferecer queixa subsidiária, assim como a Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (OAB) e organizações da sociedade civil constituídas há mais de um ano para defender os direitos humanos ou liberdades civis.
Venda de votos
O eleitor que negociar seu voto ou propuser a negociação com candidato ou seu representante em troca de dinheiro ou qualquer outra vantagem estará sujeito a pena de reclusão de 1 a 4 anos e multa.
Crime hediondo
Vários crimes serão enquadrados como hediondos se a vantagem do criminoso ou o prejuízo para a administração pública for igual ou superior a 10 mil salários mínimos vigentes à época do fato. Incluem-se nesse caso o peculato, a inserção de dados falsos em sistemas de informações, a concussão, o excesso de exação qualificado pelo desvio, a corrupção passiva, a corrupção ativa e a corrupção ativa em transação comercial internacional.
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