Índia bate recorde mundial ao lançar 104 satélites usando um único foguete

Repórter Capixaba Mundo 2149

 

A Índia colocou em órbita 104 satélites com um único foguete nesta quarta-feira (15). A operação representa um novo recorde mundial, que até então pertencia à Rússia, que em junho de 2014  colocou em órbita 39 satélites. O lançador orbital PSLV deixou a plataforma de Sriharikota, no Sudeste da Índia, transportando um satélite indiano de observação da Terra de 714 quilos e 103 nanossatélites, em sua maioria de países estrangeiros. O carregamento total pesou mais de 600 quilos. O primeiro-ministro indiano, Narendra Modi, que tenta tornar seu país uma potência espacial, disse que a operação representa um “êxito excepcional”. Este lançamento “é um novo momento de orgulho para nossa comunidade científica espacial e para a nação”, tuitou Modi. Símbolo da conquista indiana do espaço, a sonda Mangalyann, como os indianos chamam popularmente o aparelho cujo nome oficial é MOM (Mars Orbiter Mission), já aparece nas novas notas de 2 mil rúpias colocadas em circulação pelo governo.

Administrar simultaneamente uma quantidade tão grande de objetos – por mais leves que sejam – exige uma precisão extrema, afirmam os especialistas. “Lançar tantos satélites ao espaço de uma só vez é um desafio técnico, porque eles não têm a mesma trajetória. Além disso, é preciso evitar que se toquem no momento do lançamento”, explicou o representante do Centro Nacional de Estudos Espaciais francês na Índia, Mathieu Weiss.

Baixo custo é vantagem

O mercado de lançamento de satélites comerciais não para de crescer, em um contexto no qual a telefonia, a internet e as empresas precisam cada vez mais desse tipo de suporte. A Índia, cujo programa espacial é conhecido pela otimização de gastos, compete diretamente neste setor com outros atores internacionais.

O país soube combinar confiabilidade e redução de custos para “assumir um lugar no mercado espacial mundial”, disse Ajay Lele, do Instituto de Estudos e Análises de Defesa de Nova Déli. Em 39 missões, o lançador PSLV sofreu apenas um acidente, em seu primeiro lançamento, em 1993.

O programa espacial indiano, lançado nos anos 1960, chamou a atenção do mundo em 2014, quando conseguiu colocar uma sonda em órbita em torno do planeta Marte. O projeto custou apenas US$ 73 milhões, cerca de 10% do que a Nasa pagou por uma missão similar.

 

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