Um em cada dez estudantes no Brasil é vítima frequente de bullying

No Brasil, aproximadamente um em cada dez estudantes é vítima frequente de bullying nas escolas. São adolescentes que sofrem agressões físicas ou psicológicas, que são alvo de piadas e boatos maldosos, excluídos propositalmente pelos colegas, que não são chamados para festas ou reuniões. O dado faz parte do terceiro volume do Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Estudantes (Pisa) 2015, dedicado ao bem-estar dos estudantes.

O relatório é baseado na resposta de adolescentes de 15 anos que participaram da avaliação. No Brasil, 17,5% disseram sofrer alguma das formas de bullying “algumas vezes por mês”; 7,8% disseram ser excluídos pelos colegas; 9,3%, ser alvo de piadas; 4,1%, serem ameaçados; 3,2%, empurrados e agredidos fisicamente. Outros 5,3% disseram que os colegas frequentemente pegam e destroem as coisas deles e 7,9% são alvo de rumores maldosos. Com base nos relatos dos estudantes, 9% foram classificados no estudo como vítimas frequentes de bullying, ou seja, estão no topo do indicador de agressões e mais expostos a essa situação.

A publicação faz parte das divulgações do último Pisa, de 2015, avaliação aplicada pela Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE). Participaram dessa edição 540 mil estudantes de 15 anos que, por amostragem, representam 29 milhões de alunos de 72 países. São 35 países-membros da OCDE e 37 economias parceiras, entre elas o Brasil.

Em comparação com os demais países avaliados, o Brasil aparece com um dos menores “índices de exposição ao bullying”. Em um ranking de 53 países com os dados disponíveis, o Brasil está em 43º. Em média, nos países da OCDE, 18,7% dos estudantes relataram ser vítimas de algum tipo de bullying mais de uma vez por mês e 8,9% foram classificados como vítimas frequentes.

“O bullying tem sérias consequências tanto para o agressor quanto para a vítima. Tanto aqueles que praticam o bullying quanto as vítimas são mais propensos a faltar às aulas, abandonar os estudos e ter piores desempenhos acadêmicos que aqueles que não têm relações conflituosas com os colegas”, diz o estudo, que acrescenta que nesses adolescentes estão também mais presentes sintomas de depressão, ansiedade, baixa autoestima e perda de interesse por qualquer atividade.

Satisfação e pertencimento

O levantamento mostra que os estudantes brasileiros estão acima da média no quesito satisfação com a vida: 44,6% dizem que estão muito satisfeitos, enquanto a média dos países da OCDE é 34,1%. Na outra ponta, tanto no Brasil quanto na média dos países da OCDE, 11,8% dizem que não estão satisfeitos com a vida.

No Brasil, 76,1% sentem que pertencem à escola. Entre os países da OCDE, 73% dos adolescentes dizem ter esse sentimento de pertencimento.

Quase todos os estudantes brasileiros (96,7%) querem ser escolhidos para as melhores oportunidades disponíveis quando graduarem e 63,9% querem estar entre os melhores estudantes da classe. Entre os países da OCDE, esses percentuais são, respectivamente, 92,7% e 59,2%.

O Brasil, no entanto, aparece quase no topo entre os países com estudantes mais ansiosos – 80,8% ficam muito ansiosos mesmo quando estão bem preparados para provas. A média da OCDE é 55,5%. O país é superado apenas pela Costa Rica, onde 81,2% dos estudantes relataram ansiedade nesses casos. Mais da metade dos brasileiros, 56%, disseram que ficam tensos ao estudar. A média da OCDE é 36,6%.

“Esses resultados sugerem a necessidade de relações mais fortes entre escolas e pais para que os adolescentes tenham o apoio de que necessitam, acadêmica e psicologicamente. Essa aproximação poderia contribuir muito para o bem-estar de todos os alunos”, diz o relatório.

Pais e professores

O levantamento mostrou que pais e professores têm papel importante no bem-estar dos estudantes. Estudantes que têm pais interessados nas atividades escolares são 2,5 vezes mais propensos a estar entre as notas mais altas da escola e 1,9 vezes a estar muito satisfeitos com a vida. Com o apoio dos pais e responsáveis, os estudantes também têm duas vezes menos chance de se sentir sozinhos na escola e são 3,4 vezes menos propensos a estar insatisfeitos com a vida.

A participação dos professores também é importante. Estudantes que recebem apoio e suporte dos professores em sala de aula são 1,9 vezes mais propensos a sentir que pertencem à escola do que aqueles que não têm esse apoio. Aqueles que percebem que os professores são injustos com eles têm 1,8 vezes mais chance de se sentir excluídos na escola.

De acordo com o relatório, grande parte dos estudantes tem a sensação de que é injustiçada pelos professores. Em média, nos países da OCDE, 35% dos alunos relataram que sentem, pelo menos algumas vezes por mês, que seus professores pedem menos deles que dos outros estudantes; 21% acham que seus professores os julgam menos inteligentes do que são; 10% relataram que os professores os ridicularizam na frente dos outros; e 9%, que seus professores chegaram a insultá-los na frente dos demais.

Bem-estar dos estudantes

Esta é a primeira vez que o Pisa divulga dados da performance dos estudantes que dizem respeito à relação deles com os professores, à vida em casa e a como gastam o tempo fora da escola. O relatório que trata do bem-estar dos estudantes faz parte dos resultados do Pisa 2015.  Ao todo, participaram 540 mil estudantes de 15 anos que, por amostragem, representam 29 milhões de alunos de 72 países. São 35 países-membros e 37 economias parceiras, entre elas o Brasil.

Aplicado pela OCDE, o Pisa testa os conhecimentos de matemática, leitura e ciências de estudantes de 15 anos de idade. Em 2015, o foco foi em ciências, que concentrou o maior número de questões da avaliação.

 

Fonte: Agência Brasil

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