Novo método ajuda a detectar zika em mosquitos e humanos

Repórter Capixaba Mundo 2766

Uma pesquisa, realizada pela equipe do Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Patologia da Universidade do Colorado, nos Estados Unidos, utilizou uma técnica de amplificação isotérmica de DNA mediada por loop e conhecida como LAMP, para detectar facilmente o vírus em amostras brasileiras, americanas e nicaraguenses. O novo método de biovigilância vai ajudar a descobrir se a zika está presente em populações humanas e em mosquitos, revelou um estudo publicado na revista Science Translational Medicine.

Os pesquisadores esmagaram um mosquito dentro d’água, tiraram 2 microlitros dela (quantidade equivalente a uma cabeça de alfinete), e depois a aqueceram em um tubo com químicos e reativos. A cor mudava de 30 minutos a uma hora. Esse novo método de biovigilância permitiu indicar rapidamente se o zika vírus estava presente nos mosquitos, o que evitaria espalhar pesticidas e usar outros métodos de prevenção da doença em locais onde não são necessários.

O diagnóstico humano ainda é um desafio e vai levar mais tempo para ser aprimorado, já que requer uma grande quantidade de dados antes de as agências reguladoras dos governos autorizarem a utilização do LAMP como teste em pacientes.

Começou no Japão

A amplificação isotérmica de DNA mediada por loop foi desenvolvido no Japão em 2001, para detectar pneumonia em cabras, e é similar à tecnologia conhecida como reação em cadeia da polimérase (PCR, na sigla em inglês), que faz uma análise exaustiva das amostras de DNA, com a vantagem de poder ser usada em campo, e não só em laboratórios, além de ser mais barata.

“A maioria dos países envolvidos no surto atual [de zika] não é rica. É importante tentar desenvolver métodos de vigilância de baixo custo, que algum dia possam ser usados por estas nações”, afirmou a pesquisadora Nunya Chotiwan.

De acordo com a Science Translational Medicine, médicos do Hospital Pediátrico de Manágua, na Nicarágua, vão testar a nova técnica, sem abandonar os sistemas tradicionais, e profissionais de Porto Rico vão empregar o método para verificar as condições dos mosquitos.

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