Os líderes políticos portugueses devem pedir desculpas pelo papel do país no tráfico de escravos e incentivar uma discussão sobre o tema na sociedade portuguesa, defendem especialistas americanos. “O apoio do Estado a estas iniciativas pode galvanizar a investigação e ajudar a informar melhor o público”, disse à agência Lusa o professor da Universidade de Columbia, de Nova York, Christopher Brown.
“O fato de que vários países decidiram que era importante fazê-lo sugere uma nova norma que merece reflexão. Do meu ponto de vista, um reconhecimento do passado contribui para um sentimento coletivo de reconhecimento da desumanidades do passado”, reforçou o também professor americano Walter Hawthorne, da Universidade de Michigan.
Para Christopher Brown , o impacto da ação do Estado nessa área ficou evidente com o Museu de História Afro-Americana, inaugurado em Washington no ano passado e que se tornou o primeiro espaço na capital dos EUA dedicado à história dos afro-americanos, numa iniciativa do presidente George W. Bush, autorizada pelo Congresso.
Brown acredita que quando um líder político fala sobre estes temas “leva a história a uma audiência muito mais ampla do que os acadêmicos conseguiriam e desperta a curiosidade de todos aqueles que nem tinham pensado sobre isso antes. Por isso, sim, a liderança política pode fazer uma grande diferença, sobretudo se acompanhada por um apoio do estado para melhorar o conhecimento e compreensão sobre o tema”, atestou.
Da África ao Brasil
Em abril, o presidente português Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa visitou a ilha de Gorée, no Senegal, de onde partiram milhares de escravos para o Novo Mundo, e disse que o poder político português reconheceu a injustiça da escravatura quando a aboliu em parte do seu território, “pela mão do Marquês de Pombal, em 1761”.
As declarações foram feitas no mesmo local em que, anos antes, o Papa João Paulo II pediu perdão pela escravatura. A decisão de Rebelo de Sousa trouxe para a opinião pública uma discussão que até então estava praticamente reduzido à academia.
Walter Hawthorne, autor de livros como From Africa to Brazil: Culture, Identity, and an Atlantic Slave Trade 1600-1830 [Da África ao Brasil: Cultura, Identidade e o Comércio de Escravos no Atlântico 1600-1830], acredita que “um pedido de desculpas deve focar-se numa ação, com reconhecimento das consequências, e terminar com uma ação corretiva”, como a criação de um museu ou um centro de investigação.
Desculpas elevam
“Um pedido de desculpas ajudaria os 5.8 milhões de africanos tornados escravos e embarcados em navios com a bandeira de Portugal? Ajudaria aqueles que foram mortos em guerras causadas pelo tráfico de escravos? Aqueles que sofreram há centenas de anos? Não, mas seria um passo em frente para melhorar a relação hoje em dia entre pessoas com cores diferentes”, defendeu.
“Grandes pessoas pedem desculpas e tornam-se melhores pessoas. Grandes países cometeram atrocidades. Grandes países pedem desculpa. Quando os seus líderes tomam essa ação, elevam os seus países”, acrescentou Hawthorne, que cresceu no sul dos EUA, um território marcado pela escravatura, e diz que conhece “bem as atrocidades que foram cometidas e a ligação que existe entre o trafico de escravos no Atlântico e racismo, desigualdades globais em termos monetários, educação, emprego, saúde e muito mais.”
“Portugal acolhe coleções de arquivos incríveis e bibliotecas que iluminam a história da escravatura. Nas suas universidades, encontram-se alguns dos melhores historiadores da área, pessoas que dedicaram a sua vida a escrever livros e artigos para envolver o público nestas importantes, mas distantes, discussões”, concluiu o historiador.
Fonte: Agência Brasil
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